Population. [362], Bangladesh continues to have huge untapped reserves of natural gas, particularly in its maritime territory in the Bay of Bengal. [381] The vast majority of Bangladeshis live in rural areas, with only 39% of the population living in urban areas as of 2021[update]. Islamic architecture began developing under the Bengal Sultanate, when local terracotta styles influenced medieval mosque construction. [210][209] According to the World Bank, "When the newly independent country of Bangladesh was born on December 16, 1971, it was the second poorest country in the worldmaking the country's transformation over the next 50 years one of the great development stories. These population estimates and projections come from the latest revision of the UN World Urbanization Prospects. Lawrence B. Alongside national days like the remembrance of 21 February 1952 Language Movement Day (declared as International Mother Language Day by UNESCO in 1999),[466] Independence Day and Victory Day. This page was last edited on 28 March 2023, at 16:46 (UTC). [210][209] Since 2009, Bangladesh has launched a series of infrastructure megaprojects. Segments of the Bengali elite supported Mustafa Kemal Atatrk's secularist forces. Cities in Sudan starting with the letter G, Cities in Andorra starting with the letter K, Cities in F.S. "}.mw-parser-output .srn-white-background{background:#fff}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers tr:hover{background:#eaf3ff} It grants freedom of religion and claims to be "secular in practise" while establishing Islam as the state religion. After the 1757 Battle of Plassey, Bengal was the first region of the Indian subcontinent conquered by the British East India Company. Bengal has a long history of feminist activism dating back to the 19th century. [142] Talks eventually broke down as the junta led by Yahya Khan prepared for a military operation in East Pakistan. [141] The Awami League wanted to develop a constitution based on its Six Points agenda;[141] this was opposed by the Pakistani military, the Pakistan Peoples Party and the Muslim League factions. Ancient Bengal was known as Gangaridai and was a bastion of pre-Islamic kingdoms. Minorities in Bangladesh include indigenous people in northern Bangladesh and the Chittagong Hill Tracts, which have 11 ethnic tribal groups such as the Chakma, Tanchangya, Kuki, Bawm and Marma. Rapid urban growth has threatened natural habitats. In 2019, the GDP loss as a result of that amounted to USD 35 billion. Whatever steps the government can take, it should take them now, before Dhaka's overpopulation situation becomes worse and the city becomes completely uninhabitable. [316][317][318], Like many developing countries, institutional corruption is an issue of concern for Bangladesh. A quarter of women are underweight and around 15% have short stature, while over half also suffer from anaemia.[431]. Aside from ethnic wear, domestically tailored suits and neckties are customarily worn by the country's men in offices, in schools, and at social events. [31], Stone Age tools have been found in different parts of Bangladesh. The annual Ekushey Book Fair and Dhaka Literature Festival, organised by the Bangla Academy, are among the enormous literary festivals in South Asia. [92][94] The Company used Bengal's tax revenue to conquer the rest of India.[94]. Ahmad is widely regarded as a traitor by Bangladeshis. [260] The United States has pursued negotiations with Bangladesh on a Status of Forces Agreement, an Acquisition and Cross-Servicing Agreement and a General Security of Military Information Agreement. [121] The 1952 Bengali Language Movement was the first sign of friction between the country's geographically separated wings. OF 1972 ). According to senior World Bank officials, the Pakistani government practised extensively economic discrimination against East Pakistan. [458] Halwa and shemai, the latter being a variation of vermicelli; are popular desserts during religious festivities. List of cities in Bangladesh by population, . The Mukti Bahini combined defecting Bengali members of the Pakistani military with civilian volunteers. Population & Housing Census 2022 Post Enumeration Check (PEC) Adjusted Population (Upload:18-04-2023) Preliminary Report on Population and Housing Census 2022 : Bangla Version Preliminary Report on Population and Housing Census 2022 : English Version Gareth Stevens Pub. [384], Bangladesh is an ethnically and culturally homogeneous society, as Bengalis form 99% of the population. Students who pass the PEC examination proceed to secondary or matriculation training, culminating in the SSC examination. In the last 10 years, Dhaka's population has increased by more than 50 percent. In terms of religions preferred by the population, we see that Muslim comes in with 89.1% of the population, Hindu with 10%, and other religions make up the remaining 0.9% (includes Buddhist, Christian) of the population. On 25 June 2022, the Padma Bridge was opened by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina.[211]. Lesser. [285] It maintains a warm relationship with China, which is its largest trading partner, and the largest arms supplier. In 2011, Bangladesh co-hosted the ICC Cricket World Cup 2011 with India and Sri Lanka. Such extreme concentration of people and economic activities in the capital are having negative impacts on the national economy, according to a new study. Babur began invading Bengal after creating the Mughal Empire. Bangladesh: Quest for Freedom and Justice. The investigation found that grid capacity has not kept up with the expansion of electricity generation and the opening of new power plants. [457] Pithas are traditional boiled desserts made with rice or fruits. During the last phase of the war, both the Soviet Union and the United States dispatched naval forces to the Bay of Bengal in a Cold War standoff. Seafarers in the Bay of Bengal where modern Bangladesh is now located, have also been sailing and trading with Southeast Asia[51] and exported Buddhist and Hindu cultures to the region since the early Christian era. "The educational system in Bangladesh and scope for improvement. Bangladesh is expected to reach a population of 170 million by 2020, and 186 million by 2030. The BBS conducted the country's first digital census and household census from June 15 to 21 last year. "Life expectancy" refers to the number of years a person can expect to live. Two decades after Vasco Da Gama's landing in Calicut, the Bengal Sultanate permitted the Portuguese settlement in Chittagong to be established in 1528. Khawaja Nazimuddin was East Bengal's first chief minister with Frederick Chalmers Bourne its governor. Sirajul Islam (Chief Editor) (2003) Banglapedia: A National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh. Bangladesh, both sexes, 2000 - 2019. In recent centuries, the principal migration of the world's population has been from rural areas to urban areas. [267] Bangladesh joined the Commonwealth of Nations in 1972 and the United Nations in 1974. In addition to the 11 major cities governed by City Corporations, there are 32 other cities which are governed by Municipal Corporations. [296] Despite this constitutional ban, torture is rampantly used by Bangladesh's security forces. [197] A semi-presidential system evolved, with the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) governing until 1982. Most of the country is dominated by the fertile Ganges Delta, the largest river delta in the world. [208][209] The country has outpaced India (of which it was a part until 1947) and Pakistan (of which it was a part until 1971) in terms of per capita income. The capital and largest city of Bangladesh is Dhaka, which has a population of 14.4 million and a density of 19,447 people per square mile (50,368/square mile). [101] The capital amassed by the East India Company in Bengal was invested in the emerging Industrial Revolution in Great Britain, in industries such as textile manufacturing. Protection in respect of trial and punishment", "Jonny's custodial death case: Lessons learned from the verdict", "Bangladesh: Prisoner of conscience faces prolonged detention: Shahidul Alam", "Bangladesh: Senior Awami League politician in danger of torture", "How is Bangladesh's Digital Security Act muzzling free speech? [365] The success ratio is well above the global average. The Bangladeshi taka is the national currency. The National Library of Bangladesh was established in 1972. It started in 1963 in Dhaka. Ahmad, Shamsuddin (2012). [314] According to the 2016 Global Slavery Index, an estimated 1,531,300 people are enslaved in Bangladesh, or roughly 1% of the population. Chief Justice Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem was installed as president by the military on 6 November 1975. [386] Bangladesh also hosts over 700,000 Rohingya refugees since 2017, giving it one of the largest refugee populations in the world. In the 14th century, three city-states emerged in Bengal, including Sonargaon led by Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah, Satgaon led by Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah and Lakhnauti led by Alauddin Ali Shah. It is surrounded almost entirely by neighbouring Indiaand shares a small border with Myanmar to its southeast, though it lies very close to Nepal, Bhutan, and China. In 1580, an English traveller Ralph Fitch visited Bengal and saw the success of the Twelve Bhuiyans in withstanding against the Mughals. Ahmed Sofa is regarded as the most important Bangladeshi intellectual in the post-independence era. Active film societies include the Rainbow Film Society, Children's Film Society, Moviyana Film Society, and Dhaka University Film Society. Although as of 2015[update], several women occupied a key political office in Bangladesh. Minimum estimates for the number of those killed range between 300,000 and 500,000. [1] The number of municipalities tripled from 104 municipalities in 1991 to 318 municipalities in 2011.[4]. Minister Tajul said he came up with the number by analysing how many people use the services of Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage Authority, or WASA, the citys sole government-regulated running water supplier. Bangladesh Contradicting 2022 census data, minister says Dhaka's current population is 21 million According to last year's census, Dhaka's population was slightly more than 10.2 million. General Yahya Khan assumed power, reintroducing martial law. The official language is Bengali, one of the easternmost branches of the Indo-European language family. In addition, there are another 203 towns which are Upazila centres (and other urban centres) and not governed by any Municipal Corporation or "Paurashava". Bangladesh has five grandmasters in chess. [474] After independence, the national football team also participated in the AFC Asian Cup (1980), becoming only the second South Asian team to do so. Varieties of leaf vegetables, potatoes, gourds and lentils (dal) also play an important role. Other instruments include the dotara, dhol, flute, and tabla. Understanding the reasons why people die helps with the understanding of how they lived, in order to improve health services and reduce preventable deaths in every country, responding effectively to changing circumstances. Ershad pursued administrative decentralisation, dividing the country into 64 districts, and pushed Parliament to make Islam the state religion in 1988. Therefore, it's high time for the government to urgently develop other regions of the country to try and reduce some of the load from Dhaka. Bangladesh has emerged as the second-largest economy in South Asia,[208][209] surpassing the per capita income levels of both India and Pakistan. [469][470] Women's sports saw significant progress in the 2010s decade in Bangladesh. A division-wise population review shows that the calculated population of Dhaka is 44,215,107. Global development The making of a megacity: how Dhaka transformed in 50 years of Bangladesh In the half century since independence, the capital has grown from peaceful town to economic hub. Death rates by cause, age, sex and country, 2019 (Global Health Estimates). [138] A cyclone devastated the coast of East Pakistan in 1970, killing an estimated 500,000 people,[139] and the central government was criticised for its poor response. World Health Organization 2023 data.who.int, Bangladesh [Country overview]. [391] The stranded Pakistanis and some sections of the Old Dhakaites often use Urdu as their native tongue, but the usage of the latter remains highly reproached. The Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act was enacted in 1995. Folk music is accompanied by a one-stringed instrument known as the ektara. It established the Bengal Legislative Council in 1862, and the council's native Bengali representation increased during the early 20th century. [357] According to the same report, Bangladesh experiences around 125,000 international tourist arrivals per year. Life expectancy in Bangladesh is currently at 73.4 years of age, with an overall happiness ranking of 115 out of all other countries with recorded data. "A review of the energy sector of Bangladesh.". For other uses, see, The Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh ( ACT NO. Bangladesh was governed by a military junta led by the Chief Martial Law Administrator for three years. It plans to produce 50 gigawatts by 2041. Dhaka is the capital Bangladesh. [443] Fakir Lalon Shah popularised Baul music in the country in the 18th century and it has since been one of the most popular music genres in the country since then. [232] Natural hazards that come from increased rainfall, rising sea levels, and tropical cyclones are expected to increase as the climate changes, each seriously affecting agriculture, water and food security, human health, and shelter. [183] In 2022, a bipartisan resolution was introduced in the US Congress to "Recognize the Bangladesh Genocide of 1971". [420] As of 2020[update], there are only 5.3 doctors per 10,000 people, and about six physicians[421] and three nurses per 10,000 people, while the number of hospital beds is 8 per 10,000. [425][426] Maternal mortality remains high, clocking at 173 per 100,000 live births. In this year's livability ranking, war-torn Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine, secured one spot above Dhaka, ranked 165th, with its stability and infrastructure damaged by the Russian invasion. January 14, 2023 DAP density control plans will make housing even less affordable for the poor The ill-conceived plan for limiting Dhaka's population will ultimately be devastating for the. Bengali literature is a millennium-old tradition; the Charyapadas are the earliest examples of Bengali poetry. A military conflict ensued which culminated in the Battle of Plassey on 22 June 1757. The All Pakistan Awami Muslim League was formed in 1949. the People's Republic of Bangladesh. Pakistani nationalists frequently engage in genocide denial, downplaying the war's effects on Bengali Muslims and accusing Bengali forces of committing killings. [268][269] It relies on multilateral diplomacy on issues like climate change, nuclear nonproliferation, trade policy and non-traditional security issues. It is widely spoken and commonly understood, and is taught as a compulsory subject in all schools, colleges and universities; while the English-medium educational system is widely attended. Find out the population of a country, city, district at Chislennost.com. The Dominion of Pakistan was created on 14 August 1947. [229], Bangladesh is recognised to be one of the countries most vulnerable to climate change. [234] To address the sea level rise threat in Bangladesh, the Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 has been launched.[235][236]. The Bengali economy relied on textile manufacturing, shipbuilding, saltpetre production, craftsmanship, and agricultural produce. The Kantajew Temple and Dhakeshwari Temple are excellent examples of late medieval Hindu temple architecture. [198], After a year in office, Sattar was overthrown in the 1982 Bangladesh coup d'tat. [354] Activities for tourists include angling, water skiing, river cruising, hiking, rowing, yachting, and beachgoing. [448] Bangladesh also produces the Rajshahi silk. Find out what statistics the population of the country, city, district on All-populations.com. Bangladesh is the world's second-largest garment exporter. Additionally, the birth rate in Bangladesh is 17.88 births per 1,000 people and the death rate is about 4.8 deaths per 1,000 people. The Sundarbans tiger project and the Bangladesh Bear Project are among the key initiatives to strengthen conservation. [5] It was formerly governed by the Dhaka City Corporation, until it was split into North and South in 2011. The capital city of Bangladesh was home to 36,941 people per square kilometer in 2021. The dance traditions of Bangladesh include indigenous tribal and Bengali dance forms, as well as classical Indian dances, including the Kathak, Odissi and Manipuri dances. A notable aspect of Company rule was the Permanent Settlement, which established the feudal zamindari system; in addition, Company policies led to the deindustrialisation of Bengal's textile industry. The music of Bangladesh features the Baul mystical tradition, listed by UNESCO as a Masterpiece of Intangible Cultural Heritage. "Economic Reconstruction after Independence". [184] The International Association of Genocide Scholars regards the atrocities as a genocide. [230][231] Over the course of a century, 508 cyclones have affected the Bay of Bengal region, 17 percent of which are believed to have caused landfall in Bangladesh. As you know, we organize an academic conference twice a year to which we invite papers from the region on the topic of the upcoming South Asia Economic Focus, our bi-annual macroeconomic update for the region. All of the City Corporation-governed cities currently have a population of more than 200,000 (which is not a criterion for the status). Huq was succeeded by Khawaja Nazimuddin, who grappled with the effects of the Burma Campaign, the Bengal famine of 1943, which killed up to 3 million people,[117] and the Quit India movement. [194] The Mujib government faced huge economic problems exasperated by the resettlement of millions of people displaced in 1971, a breakdown in the food supply chain, poor health services and a lack of other necessities. There was a shortage of natural gas because of the 2021present global energy crisis as 77 natural gas power plants had insufficient fuel to meet demand. While returning from London, Mujib was told by an Indian diplomat that "on India's eastern flank, she wished to have a friendly power, a prosperous economy, and a secular democracy, with a parliamentary system of government". Set), (written by 1300 scholars & 22 editors) The Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, This page was last edited on 1 July 2023, at 16:47. [19][20][21] In 2010, the Bangladesh Supreme Court reaffirmed secular principles in the constitution.[22]. For many years, Bangladesh has been the world's largest contributor to UN peacekeeping forces. [363][364] The success ratio of finding gas wells in the country stands at 3:5:1, meaning one commercial deposit is found in every three explored zones. A radical Islamist militant group, the JMB, carried out a series of terror attacks. [440] Terracotta architecture is a distinct feature of Bengal. Pre-Islamic Bengali architecture reached its pinnacle in the Pala Empire when the Pala School of Sculptural Art established grand structures such as the Somapura Mahavihara. At the preliminary joint meeting, it was decided (120 votes to 90) that if the province remained united, it should join the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan. The Office of the Chief Economist in the South Asia Region is pleased to announce the 12th South Asia Economic Policy Network conference. "Life expectancy at birth" is the average number of years that a newborn could expect to live, (the average age of death) while "Healthy life expectancy (HALE) at birth" is the average number of years that a person could expect to live in "full health" [72] The Bhuiyans ultimately succumbed to the Mughals after Musa Khan was defeated. Preliminary Report on Population and Housing Census 2022: English Version, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, Population & Housing Census 2011 (Zila Series & Community Series), :
[159][160] Remaining Indian troops were withdrawn by 12 March 1972, three months after the war ended. Similar gatherings are observed at the National Martyrs' Memorial on Independence Day and Victory Day to remember the national heroes of the Bangladesh Liberation War. Others include Garo, Meitei, Kokborok and Rakhine. This article presents a list of cities and towns in Bangladesh. [43][44] The oldest inscription in Bangladesh was found in Mahasthangarh and dates from the 3rd century BCE. [131][132][133][134] East Pakistan's foreign-exchange surplus was used to finance West Pakistani imports. [88] Robert Clive exploited rivalries within the nawab's family, bribing Mir Jafar, the nawab's uncle and commander in chief, to ensure Siraj-ud-Daula's defeat. [38][39] Archaeological evidence confirms that by the second millennium BCE, rice-cultivating communities inhabited the region. Fifteen per cent of Pakistani central-government offices were occupied by East Pakistanis, who formed 10 per cent of the military. In total, there are 490 such towns in Bangladesh. [392], Bangladesh was constitutionally proclaimed as the first secular state of South Asia in 1972. There are 12 city corporations which hold mayoral elections: Dhaka South, Dhaka North, Chittagong, Comilla, Khulna, Mymensingh, Sylhet, Rajshahi, Barisal, Rangpur, Gazipur and Narayanganj. Nearly eight percent of the jobs in Bangladesh are concentrated in Dhaka city, and 40 percent are concentrated in the greater Dhaka region, which includes Gazipur and Narayanganj cities. [201] In addition to setting up the Chittagong Stock Exchange; banking, pharmaceuticals, aviation, ceramics, steel, telecoms, and tertiary education were opened up for investments, resulting in increased market competition. Official Seal of the Government of Bangladesh, proclaimed the independence of Bangladesh, surrender of the Pakistan Eastern Command, International Association of Genocide Scholars, Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests, tropical and subtropical coniferous forests, National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, Article 70 of the Constitution of Bangladesh, Acquisition and Cross-Servicing Agreement, Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, National Human Rights Commission of Bangladesh, Bangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association, Bangladesh Hindu Buddhist Christian Unity Council, Torture and Custodial Death (Prevention) Act, Bangladesh Investment Development Authority, Bangladesh Export Processing Zone Authority, ethnically and culturally homogeneous society, Medical Education And Family Welfare Division, Masterpiece of Intangible Cultural Heritage, Bangladesh women's national football team, Federation of Film Societies of Bangladesh, "HC orders govt to announce 'Joy Bangla' as national slogan in three months", "Ethnic population in 2022 census: Real picture not reflected", http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-367/section-24549.html, "Census 2022: Bangladesh population now 165 million", "Population and Housing Census 2022: Post Enumeration Check (PEC) Adjusted Population", "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects", "The State-Religion Amendment to the Constitution of Bangladesh: A Critique", "Writ challenging Islam as state religion rejected", "A rising Bangladesh starts to exert its regional power | The Interpreter", "Contribution of Uniformed Personnel to UN by Country and Personnel Type", "Four years on, Rohingya stuck in Bangladesh camps yearn for home | Rohingya News", "Notation of song aaji bangladesher hridoy", "Bangladesh: early history, 1000B.C.A.D. East Bengal developed its own modernist painting and sculpture traditions, which were distinct from the art movements in West Bengal. [359] An electric car called the Palki is being developed for production in the country. The population growth rate has significantly decreased in Bangladesh over the last 60 years, peaking at 3.23% in 1967 and is now as low as 1%. [406], The education system is divided into five levels: primary (first to fifth grade), junior secondary (sixth to eighth grade), secondary (ninth and tenth grade), higher secondary (11th and 12th grade), and tertiary. , National Report Volume-03: Urban Area Rport, 2011, , , , (), / (-), Agriculture Directory Management System (ADMS), Post Enumeration Check (PEC) Adjusted Population, Preliminary Report on Population and Housing Census 2022, National Report Volume-05 : Administrative Report, National Report Volume-04: Socio economic and Demograpuic Report, 2011, National Report Volume-02 : Union Statistics, 2011, National Report Volume-01 : Analytical Report, 2011, Post Enumaration Check (PEC) Report (Population and Housing Census 2011, Preliminary Report (Population and Housing Census 2011), Children and Youth in Bangladesh, Volume - 01, Education and Literacy in Bangladesh, Volume - 02, International Migrants From Bangladesh, Volume - 03, Elderly Population in Bangladesh. The cyclones of 1970 and 1991 were particularly devastating, the latter killing approximately 140,000 people. Among the various spices, turmeric, fenugreek, nigella, coriander, anise, cardamom and chili powder are widely used; a famous spice mix is the panch phoron. During the reign of Sikandar Shah, Delhi recognised Bengal's independence. [29] The earliest known usage of the term is the Nesari plate in 805AD. [115] However, the first partition of Bengal created an uproar in Calcutta and the Indian National Congress. In 1931, the East Bengal Cinematograph Society released the first full-length feature film in Bangladesh, titled Last Kiss. [35] This is also mentioned in Ghulam Husain Salim's Riyaz-us-Salatin. In 1950, the East Bengal Legislative Assembly enacted land reform, abolishing the Permanent Settlement and the zamindari system. The late Tareque Masud is regarded as one of Bangladesh's outstanding directors for his critically acclaimed films on social issues. [215] 17% of the country is covered by forests and 12% is covered by hill systems. Bangladesh gained its independence from Pakistan in 1971 and a nationwide census at the time confirmed that there were 71 million people living here. Students who pass this examination proceed to two years of secondary education, culminating in the SSC examination. [454] Lobsters, shrimps and dried fish (shutki) are also widely consumed, with the chingri malai curry being a famous shrimp dish. Also, the adjoining areas of Khulna are abided by port-related business, industry, governmental foreign investment, and some well-known mega projects. Dhaka, the capital and largest city, is the nation's political, financial and cultural centre. Khulna has also a significant number of tourism industries centered on the largest mangrove forest of the world, the Sundarbans. Civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) systems register births and deaths in a country, issue birth and death certificates, and compile and disseminate vital statistics. The first women's magazine, Begum, was published in 1948. [283][284] Post-independent Bangladesh has continued to have a problematic relationship with Pakistan, mainly due to its denial of the 1971 Bangladesh genocide. [46][47] The site is also identified with the prosperous trading centre of Souanagoura listed on Ptolemy's world map. [253] In addition to traditional defence roles, the military has supported civil authorities in disaster relief and provided internal security during periods of political unrest. In 2010, the Supreme Court reduced the scope for military interventions through legal loopholes and reaffirmed secular principles in the constitution. It also has 628 species of birds. [243] The country has numerous species of amphibians (53), reptiles (139), marine reptiles (19) and marine mammals (5). In 2009, Bangladesh was experiencing daily blackouts several times a day. Ershad lifted martial law in 1986. The Nawabs forged alliances with European colonial companies, making the region relatively prosperous early in the century. Its score in the 2022 ranking was 39.2. The Bangladesh Armed Forces have inherited the institutional framework of the British military and the British Indian Army. At another meeting of legislators from East Bengal, it was decided (106 votes to 35) that the province should not be partitioned and (107 votes to 34) that East Bengal should join the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan if Bengal had partitioned. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. In East Pakistan, free market principles were generally accepted. Despite generating 70 per cent of Pakistan's export revenue with jute and tea,[130] East Pakistan received much less government spending than West Pakistan. The reign of Sultan Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah saw the opening of diplomatic relations with Ming China. [176][177][178] The government, media, civil society and victims' groups of Bangladesh have often called on Pakistan to recognize the genocide and apologize to the Bangladeshi people.
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